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Kidney cancer develops when abnormal cells in the kidney begin to grow uncontrollably, forming a tumor. The most common type in adults is renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which begins in the small tubes within the kidney that help filter waste from the blood.
Not all kidney tumors are cancerous. Some are benign, while others may grow or spread to surrounding tissues and other parts of the body. Kidney cancer often develops without noticeable symptoms in its early stages, which is why many tumors are discovered during imaging tests performed for unrelated medical concerns.
The size, location, and characteristics of a kidney tumor help determine the most appropriate treatment approach. When detected early, kidney cancer can often be treated successfully with surgery or other carefully selected treatment options.
Urine may appear pink, red, or brown.
Losing weight without changes in diet or activity.
Unusual tiredness that doesn’t improve with rest.
Persistent discomfort on one side, below the ribs.
A noticeable decrease in the desire to eat.
Recurring fevers without a clear cause.
Kidney cancer is often discovered when an abnormal mass is identified during imaging for another medical concern. Additional testing helps your provider evaluate the mass and determine the next steps.
CT scans, MRI, and ultrasound can help determine the size, location, and characteristics of a kidney mass.
Blood and urine tests provide important information about kidney function and overall health.
Depending on the imaging findings, a biopsy or other diagnostic tests may be recommended.
Treatment depends on several factors, including the size, location, and stage of the tumor, as well as your overall health and kidney function.
Certain small kidney masses may be carefully monitored through regular imaging and follow-up appointments.
A surgical procedure that removes the tumor while preserving as much healthy kidney tissue as possible.
A surgical procedure that removes the affected kidney when necessary to treat the cancer.